SCREENING, ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF MACRONUTRIENTS & THEIR COMPONENTS INTAKE AMONG CARDIAC PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF LAHORE

Abstract

Background: A staggering 31% of mortality worldwide can be primarily due to cardiovascular diseases. Nearly 85% of these deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes. A combination of risk factors such as an unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, hyperlipidemia, stress, and hereditary factors contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out the intake of macronutrients and their components in cardiac patients. Another aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of malnutrition among the studied population. Methodology: The data has been gathered through screening tool MNA-SF and assessment tool SGA. 24 hour dietary recall is used to collect the information regarding food intake in the past 24 hours. The cronometer tool is used to find out the consumption of nutrients such as macronutrients and their components. IBM SPSS statistics 25 was used to perform statistical analysis (frequencies, Chi-Square, T-test). Results: Among (n = 15) obese subjects, the mean intake with the standard deviation of fats was 82.10±33.78 (p<0.05), monounsaturated fats 39.84±25.36 (p<0.05), polyunsaturated fats 22.28±8.66 (p<0.05), omega – 3 fatty acids 4.36±2.14 (p<0.05), omega – 6 fatty acids 16.24±5.09 (p<0.05), saturated fats 15.02±0.91 (p>0.05), trans fats 0.72±0.18 (p>0.05) and cholesterol 361.20±185.26 (p>0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of underweight, and overweight was higher in the subjects in comparison to obese individuals, indicating the higher risk of malnourishment either undernourished or over nourished.